Notes on Florida’s Endangered and Threatened Plants1
4th Edition, August 2003
Nancy C. Coile2
updated by Mark A. Garland3
Threatened Plant List
| Scientific Name | References | Common Name | Family | Descriptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Acanthocereus pentagonus (L.) Britt. and Rose
[In the 1998 Rule, listed as: Cereus pentagonus (L.) Haw.] Kartesz: A. tetragonus (L.) Humm.
| Atlas FL, TX, Mexico, West Indies, South America |
Benson, 563-565
Long and Lakela, 628-629 Small, 915, as Acanthocereus Wunderlin, 445-446 |
barbed-wire cactus
dildoe cactus |
Cactaceae;
cactus family |
stems reclining (rarely erect), 3-angled when mature, 4-6 angles when young; forms thickets; flrs white, floral tube with slender spines; frts bright red, shiny; maritime hammocks, beaches; Collier, Dade, Lee, Martin, Monroe [Keys only], Palm Beach and St. Lucie cos.; all year. |
| 2. Acoelorraphe wrightii (Griseb. and H. Wendl.)
H. Wendl.
| Scurlock, p. 6; Nelson, plate #7 FL, West Indies, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 252, 253
Long and Lakela, 244-245 Small, 242-243, as Paurotis Wunderlin, 180 Zona, 89-91 |
Everglades palm
paurotis palm silver saw-palmetto |
Palmae/
Arecaceae; palm family |
clustered stems, with fibrous mat, slender, to 12 m tall,; petioles with flat orange up-curved prickles; lf blades sub-orbicular to orbicular, to 1 m broad, segments attenuate; petals 3, ca. 1 mm long; stamens same size and with broad filaments; drupe orange ripening black, to 1 cm thick; hammocks and savannas; Collier, Dade and Monroe [not Keys] cos. |
| 3. Acrostichum aureum L.
synonym: Phlebodium aureum (L.) Sm.
| Atlas worldwide: tropics and subtropics |
FNA, 131
Lakela and Long, 86, 88 Long and Lakela, 86 Small: ferns, 67-69 Wunderlin, 42 |
golden leather fern
golden polypody leather-fern |
Pteridophyta--
Adiantaceae; maidenhair fern family |
fern; lvs to 3 m tall and 50 cm wide, lf-segments not overlapping, fertile fl-lets above sterile; sterile segments oblong, rounded at apex; coastal hammocks, tidal marsh; Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Lee, Manatee and Monroe [incl. Keys] cos. |
| 4. Andropogon arctatus Chapman
endemic |
Clewell, 122
Hall, 442 Hitchcock and Chase, 760, 761 Small, 46 Wunderlin, 82-83 |
pinewood bluestem | Gramineae/
Poaceae; grass family |
perennial, tufted, to 1.5 m tall; lv blades to 6.3 mm wide and 0.5 m long; spathes 3.8-9.2 cm long; peduncles 3.6-14.6 cm long; 2 to 3 racemes per peduncle; 8-15 spikelet pairs: stalked spikelet sterile to 2.7 mm long, sessile spikelet fertile, 0.7-1 mm wide and 4.5-6.2 mm long; one stamen; flatwoods; Alachua, Bay, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Clay, (Collier), Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jackson, (Lee), Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Osceola, Santa Rosa, Walton and Washington cos.; Oct-Nov. |
| 5. Angadenia berteroi (A.DC.) Miers
synonym: Rhabdadenia corallicola Small
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 190 ?endemic |
Long and Lakela, 700, as
A. berterii Small, 1062 Wunderlin, 497 |
pineland golden
trumpet pineland allamanda |
Apocynaceae;
dogbane family |
scandent shrub with long branches, milky sap; lvs opposite, ovate to oblong, to 3 cm long, revolute; calyx lobes deltoid, 2-3 mm long; corolla to 3 cm long and 4 cm wide, yellow, tube gradually dilates to funnelform throat; stamens 5, anthers appendaged at base and stuck to stigma; 2 follicles, to 10 cm long; pinelands; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year. |
| 6. Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torr. and Gray) H.
Robinson [In the 1998 Rule, Cacalia diversifolia Torr. and Gray was used.] Cronquist uses Cacalia diversifolia Torrey and Asa Gray
| Atlas FL, sw GA, se AL |
Clewell, 288
Cronquist, 106 Small, 1476; as Mesadenia Wunderlin, 605-606 |
Indian-plantain
variable-leaved- Indian-plantain |
Compositae/
Asteraceae; daisy family tribe: Senecioneae. |
perennial herb; up to 3 m tall; stems angular; mostly hairless; lvs alternate, most at the base, reduced in size upwards, upper lvs lobed at base; heads numerous, each with 5 flrs; whitish bracts; flrs lavender; river swamps, woods along stream; Calhoun, (Charlotte), Holmes, Jackson, Leon, Levy, Putnam, (Volusia), Walton and Washington cos.; May-Aug. |
| 7. Asclepias viridula Chapman
| Chafin endemic |
Clewell, 251
Small, 1071 Wunderlin, 501-502 |
green milkweed
southern milkweed |
Asclepiadaceae;
milkweed family |
herbaceous perennial; lvs opposite, 1-2 mm wide; several clusters of flrs; hoods longer than stigma, corona 5-6 mm wide; greenish flrs; wet pinelands, flatwoods; Baker, Bay, Bradford, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gulf, Liberty, Nassau, St. Johns, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos. May-Jul. |
| 8. Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Mertens
4 varieties; ours is var. asplenioides (Michaux) Farwell
| Atlas our variety: CT and DE south to FL, west to KS, OK, TX |
Clewell, 47
FNA, 257-258 Lakela and Long, 151-152 Radford et al., 20, 22 Small: ferns, 193-195 Wunderlin, 54 |
southern lady fern
lowland lady-fern |
Pteridophyta--
Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae; wood fern family, polypody family |
terrestrial fern; stems creeping; lvs deciduous, petioles to 55 cm long, blades to 60 cm long, lflets alternate and tapering to long tips, lflet divisions with toothed margins; sori curved when young, covering edged with hairs; wet woods, moist banks, wooded hillsides, rocky streams, sandy bogs; Alachua, Calhoun, Clay, Columbia, Escambia, Gadsden, Hamilton, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Union and Walton cos. |
| 9. Baptisia hirsuta Small
Isely uses Baptisia calycosa Canby var. villosa Canby
[other Baptisia species: Bell and Taylor, p. 155; Taylor, p. 143] endemic |
Clewell, 399
Isely, 109 Small, 676 Ward, 70-71 Wunderlin, 344-345, as Isely |
hairy wild indigo | Leguminosae/
Fabaceae; legume family Papilionoideae, pea subfamily |
perennial herb; to 1 m tall; stems hairy; lf-lets 3; calyx lf-like; corollas yellow, 12-14 mm long; bean ca. 1 cm long, black, beaked; 2-3 seeds; pine or oak woods, sandhills, roadsides, RR; Escambia, Holmes, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos.; May-Jun. |
| 10. Baptisia simplicifolia Croom
| Atlas endemic |
Clewell, 399
Isely, 108 Small, 675 Wunderlin, 344-345 |
scare-weed | Leguminosae/
Fabaceae; legume family Papilionoideae, pea subfamily |
perennial herb; to 1 m tall; lvs not cpd, not perfoliate, thick, shiny above, pale below; corollas pale yellow or greenish yellow, 12-15 mm long; bean 1 cm long, woody, black, 5-6 seeds; pine or oak flatwoods, sandhills; Franklin, Gadsden, Liberty, Leon, Wakulla and (Walton) cos.; Jun-Sep. |
| 11. Bletia purpurea (Lam.) DC.
| Atlas FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 342-343
Godfrey and Wooten I, 679, 681 Long and Lakela, 325 Luer, 226-227 Small, 394 Wunderlin, 232 |
pine-pink orchid | Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 1.5 m tall; lvs 3 to 5 from top of corm, broadly linear, pleated, to 35 cm long; inflo. terminal raceme or panicle; flrs rosy-purple, yellow crest on the deep purple, 3-lobed lip, rounded at base; pinelands (especially in rocky crevices), cypress strand; Broward, Collier, Dade, Lee, Monroe [incl. Keys] and Palm Beach cos.; Apr-May. |
| 12. Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) DC.
| Atlas; Nelson, plate #84; Scurlock, p.27 FL, West Indies |
Correll and Correll, 756-758
Long and Lakela, 525, as B. cuneata Small, 756 Wunderlin, 388 |
locustberry
Keys locustberry Long Key locustberry |
Malpighiaceae;
malpighia family |
shrub or small tree; evergreen; lvs obovate to spathulate, 2-5 cm long, lustrous above; petals clawed, kidney-shaped, pink or white, fading rose or yellow; drupes 4-6 mm wide; pine rocklands, rockland hammock edges; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year. |
| 13. Calamintha ashei (Weatherby) Shinners
synonyms: Satureja ashei Weatherby; Clinopodium ashei
(Weatherby) Small
| Atlas; Taylor, p. 276 endemic, except for Tattnall Co., GA |
Small, 1169; as Clinopodium
Wunderlin, 528 |
Ashe's calamintha
sandhill basil |
Labiatae/
Lamiaceae; mint family |
shrub; to 1/2 m tall; lvs to 1 cm long, edges curled under, fragrant; flrs pinkish-purple, less than 2 cm long, 2-lipped; 4 stamens; dry pinelands and sand pine scrub, disturbed areas; Glades, Highlands, Lake, Marion, Polk and Volusia cos.; Jan-Nov. |
| 14. Calamintha dentata Chapman
| Atlas endemic |
Clewell, 381
Small, 1169 Wunderlin, 527-528 |
Florida calamint
toothed savory
|
Labiatae/
Lamiaceae; mint family |
shrub, to 3/4 m tall; lvs obovate to elliptic-cuneate, to 12 mm long, marginal teeth, minutely and densely pubescent; corolla pinkish-purple, less than 2 cm long, 2-lipped, middle lobe of the lower lip larger than the lateral lobes; sandhills, dry bluffs; Bay, Gadsden, Jackson, Liberty, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Apr-Oct. |
| 15. Calamovilfa curtissii (Vasey) Scribner
endemic |
Godfrey and Wooten I, 190
Hall, 143 Hitchcock and Chase, 330-331 Small, 107 Wunderlin, 93 |
Curtiss' sandgrass
reedgrass |
Gramineae/
Poaceae; grass family |
perennial, short thick rhizome; narrow panicle with short strongly ascending branches; spikelet 1 flr, awnless, hairy lemmas, callus hairs to 2 mm long; pinelands, wet prairie, marsh; (Bay), Brevard, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos.; Aug-Nov. |
| 16. Calyptranthes pallens Griseb.
| Atlas; Scurlock, p. 32 FL, West Indies, Mexico |
Correll and Correll, , 1039, 1040
Long and Lakela, 642 Small, 937-938 Wunderlin, 453 |
pale lidflower
spicewood |
Myrtaceae;
myrtle family |
shrub, to 9 m tall, young stems 2-winged; lvs opposite, elliptical or oval, tapered at tip and base, to 10 cm long, glandular punctate, fragrant, petiole present; infl long-stalked axillary clusters; flrs with lid-like bud cover, greenish, pinkish, brownish, finely hairy, no petals; numerous stamens; berries globular, to 8 mm wide, hairy, red turning purplish-black; hammocks; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year. |
| 17 Carex baltzellii Chapman ex Dewey
FL, AL, GA |
Clewell, 82
Small, 213-214 Wunderlin, 144-150 |
Baltzell's sedge | Cyperaceae;
sedge family |
herb; 3 stigmas; triangular achene; perigynia not wax-encrusted, slightly shorter than and enclosed by scale; hammocks, bluffs, moist sandy loam; Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Gadsden, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Washington cos.; Feb-Apr. |
| 18. Chamaesyce pergamena (Small) Small
Kartesz: C. adenoptera (Bertol.) ssp. pergamena (Small)
Burch
| Atlas FL, West Indies, Central and South America |
Long and Lakela, 553
Wunderlin, 395-398 |
rocklands spurge
southern Florida sandmat |
Euphorbiaceae;
spurge family |
herb, prostrate or decumbent, stems hairy; lvs to 5 mm long, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, margins toothed; cyathia [many flrs simulating a simple flr] in upper nodes, about 1-1.5 mm long, petal-like appendages white or pinkish, 2 long and 2 short; capsule 1.5 mm wide, very hairy; pinelands; Collier, Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos. |
| 19. Chaptalia albicans (Swartz) Vent. ex Steud.
FL, West Indies and Mexico |
All but Wunderlin as C. dentata:
Correll and Correll, 1464-1465 Cronquist, 229 Long and Lakela, 863 Small, 1486 Wunderlin, 615 |
white sunbonnets
pineland daisy |
Compositae/
Asteraceae; daisy family tribe: Mutiseae |
herb, to 30 cm tall; lvs basal rosette, firm, oblanceo-late to narrowly elliptic-obovate, 0.5-2 cm X 3-25 cm, long attenuated bases, white wooly hairs on lower surface, bright green on upper surface; heads solitary, terminal on 30 cm long stalk, not nodding; rays and disc flrs white to greenish-white; pappus white; achene with beak as long as body; pinelands; Dade Co.; spring. |
| 20. Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.
synonym: Cynodendron oliviforme (L.) Baehni
| Atlas; Nelson, plate #137; Scurlock, p. 50 FL, West Indies |
Correll and Correll, 1097-1099
Long and Lakela, 680 Small, 1031 Wunderlin, 483 |
satin leaf | Sapotaceae;
sapote family |
shrub or tree to 10 m; thornless; lvs undersurface densely copper-brown or silvery-brown tomentose; flrs tiny, axillary clusters; hammocks, thickets and pinelands; Brevard, Broward, Collier, Dade, Hendry, Indian River, Martin, Monroe [incl. Keys], Palm Beach and St. Lucie cos.; all year. |
| 21. Cleistes divaricata (L.) Ames
synonym: Pogonia divaricata (L.) R. Br.
| Atlas DE to WV, KY, TN, south to FL, west to TX |
Clewell, 185
Godfrey and Wooten I, 653, 654 Luer, 42-43 Radford et al., 343 Small, 375 Wunderlin, 241, as Pogonia |
spreading pogonia
rosebud orchid lady's ettercap rose orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 0.8 m tall; glaucous; lf one (rarely 3), in middle of stem, to 18 cm long and 2 cm wide, present with flr; unfringed lip 3.5-4.5 cm long, deep rose, magenta-pink to white, petals curve over lip forming a tube, sepals deep reddish-purple to brownish; low pinelands and savannas, pitcher-plant bogs, swamps, stream banks; Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Calhoun, Clay, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Union, Wakulla and Walton cos.; Apr-Jun. |
| 22. Coccothrinax argentata (Jacq.) L.H. Bailey
| Atlas; Nelson, plate #12; Scurlock, p. 57 FL, West Indies |
Correll and Correll, 254-255
Long and Lakela, 247 Small, 241-242 Wunderlin, 180 |
silver palm
Biscayne palm silver top seamberry palm Florida silver palm |
Palmae/
Arecaceae; palm family |
tree-like, to 8 m tall, slender trunk ca. 15 cm wide; lvs with petiole ca. as long as blade, blade nearly round, to 80 cm wide, deeply divided into drooping segments, bright green above, scurfy and silvery white below; frts ca.1.5 cm wide, black; pine rocklands, hammocks, coastal strand; Broward, (Collier), Dade, Monroe [incl. Keys] and Palm Beach cos.; spring or after fire. |
| 23. Coelorachis tuberculosa (Nash) Nash
synonym: Manisuris tuberculosa Nash
endemic |
Clewell, 149
Hall, 415 Hitchcock and Chase, 787 Small, 41 Wunderlin, 95-96 |
Florida jointtail
joint grass |
Gramineae/
Poaceae; grass family |
perennial grass, to ca. 1 m tall; lf sheaths flattened and keeled, to 31 cm long; infl a jointed, cylindric spike to 7.9 cm long, joints of rachis not contracted; 1st glume smooth or with tubercles (bumps); marshes, margins of ponds; Alachua, Brevard, Calhoun, Hernando, Highlands, Lake, Marion, Martin, Orange, Palm Beach, Pasco, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Lucie, Volusia and Washington cos.; Jun-Jul. |
| 24. Conradina grandiflora Small
[Listed as Endangered in the 1998 Rule.]
| Atlas; Taylor, p. 275 endemic |
Small, 1167
Wunderlin, 529 |
large-flowered
rosemary |
Labiatae/ Lamiaceae;
mint family |
shrubby; lvs without evident lateral veins, midrib glabrous to slightly pubescent; 4 stamens, arch to upper lip, anthers lack horns, filaments pubescent; calyx irregular; stigma branches equal; corollas lavender; scrub, scrubby flatwoods, coastal strand, disturbed; Brevard, Broward, Dade (extirpated?), Highlands, Indian River, Martin, Osceola, Palm Beach, St. Lucie and Volusia cos. |
| 25. Crossopetalum ilicifolium (Poir.) Kuntze
| Atlas; Nelson, plate #39;Scurlock, p. 67; FL, Cuba |
Correll and Correll, 865-867
Long and Lakela, 568 Small, 819 Wunderlin, 414 |
Christmas-berry
ground-holly quail-berry |
Celastraceae;
staff-tree family |
shrub, hairy stems; lvs opposite, spiny-toothed, 1-1.5 cm long; petals orbicular, red, 1 mm long; drupes red, 3-4 mm wide; pine rockland, rockland hammocks, sinkhole rims; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year. |
| 26. Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz
[Listed as Endangered in the 1998 Rule.]
| Atlas; Nelson, plate #39; Scurlock, p. 68 FL, Bermuda, West Indies, S. America |
Correll and Correll, 867
Long and Lakela, 568 Small, 819 Wunderlin, 414 |
rhacoma
maidenberry |
Celastraceae;
staff-tree family |
shrub; glabrous stems; lvs opposite, entire or crenate, 1-4 cm long; petals ovate to suborbicular, red to purplish, 1 mm long; drupes red, 5-6 mm long; pine rocklands, rockland hammocks, coastal strand; (Broward), (Collier), Dade, (Lee), Monroe [Keys only], (Palm Beach) and Sarasota cos.; all year. |
| 27. Cynanchum blodgettii (Asa Gray) Shinners
| Atlas FL, West Indies |
Correll and Correll, 1154, 1157
Long and Lakela, 707 Small, 1075 Wunderlin, 502-503 |
Blodgett's
swallowwort |
Asclepiadaceae;
milkweed family |
slender, twining vine; lvs opposite, linear or linear-lanceolate, to 2 cm long; infl cymose; calyx lobes 1 mm long; corolla rotate-campanulate, 2-3 mm long, whitish, lobes with tufts of hair on upper 1/3 of inner surface; follicles linear, to 5 cm long; hammocks; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; spring. |
| 28. Digitaria dolichophylla Henr.
synonym: D. filiformis (L.) Koeler var. dolichophylla
(Henrard) Wipff
FL, West Indies |
see Correll and Correll, 127-128
Hall, 267-268 Hitchcock and Chase, 580-582 Long and Lakela, 167 Wunderlin, 103-105, as var. of D. filiformis |
Caribbean crabgrass | Gramineae/
Poaceae; grass family |
perennial grass, tufts to 1 m tall; lvs to 2 mm wide and 47 cm long, rolled inwards; panicles with 2-4 branches, rachis not winged; spikelets to 1.6 mm long, in pairs, one short pedicel, 1st glume absent or minute, 2nd glume with capitellate hairs; fertile lemma as long as spikelet; pinelands; Dade, St. Johns and Monroe [Keys only] cos. |
| 29. Drosera intermedia Hayne
| Atlas Newfoundland west to WI, south NY, coastal plain to FL and TX, Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America |
Clewell, 345
Godfrey and Wooten II, 187, 190 Radford et al., 517, 518 Schnell, 63-64 Small, 579 Wunderlin, 321 |
water sundew
spoon-leaved sundew narrowleaf sundew |
Droseraceae;
sundew family |
herb, to 20 cm tall, sticky, glandular hairs; lvs alternate, basal, to 6 cm long, spoon-shaped, petioles glabrous; flrs white or pinkish on glabrous stalk; seepage slopes, wet flatwoods, depression marshes, sinkhole lakes, drainage ditches; Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, (Hernando), Highlands, (Hillsborough), Lake, Leon, (Levy), Marion, Okaloosa, (Osceola), Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Sumter, (Volusia) and Walton cos.; Apr-Nov. |
| 30. Drypetes lateriflora (Sw.) Krug and Urban
| Scurlock, p. 74 FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central America |
Correll and Correll, 797, 798
Long and Lakela, 546 Small, 780 Wunderlin, 401 |
Guiana plum | Euphorbiaceae;
spurge family |
shrub, to 10 m tall, dioecious; lvs lanceolate to ovate, to 10 cm long, abruptly pointed, entire margins, leathery; infl axillary clusters, fragrant; flrs 3 mm wide, 4 stamens; flrs with 2-celled ovaries; drupes globular, hairy, red; hammocks; Brevard, Broward, Dade, Martin, Monroe [Keys only] and Palm Beach cos.; fall. |
| 31. Erithalis fruticosa L.
| Atlas; Scurlock, p. 76 FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central America |
Correll and Correll, 1387,
1388 Long and Lakela, 802 Small, 1259 Wunderlin, 576 |
black torch | Rubiaceae;
madder family |
shrub to 6 m tall, dark brown bark striped light brown; lvs opposite, oval to elliptic-obovate, tips blunt, to 10 cm long, leathery, entire margins; stipules fused; terminal cymes; calyx to 2 mm; corolla with short tube and 5 long lobes, 3-5 mm long, white; drupe globose, to 4 mm wide, glossy black; sand dunes, coastal hammocks; Dade, Martin, Monroe [Keys only] and Palm Beach cos.; all year. |
| 32. Eulophia ecristata (Fern.) Ames
[In 1998 Rule, listed as Pteroglossaspis ecristata (Fern.) Rolfe]
NC; SC, FL, LA, Cuba |
Clewell, 185
Luer, 240-241 Radford et al. , 355-356 Small, 394-395, as Triorchos Wunderlin, 242, as Pteroglossaspis |
non-crested eulophia
green and black orchids- on-a-stick giant orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrenstria; to 1.7 m tall; 2-4 linear-lanceolate lvs at base; infl to 30 flrs; sepals and petals yellow-green, lip maroon, 3-lobed and crest-less; sand pine scrub, sandhills, pine rockland; historically: Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Brevard, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, Dade, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Levy, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Orange, Osceola, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, (Sarasota), Seminole, (St. Johns), Taylor, Volusia and (Wakulla) cos.; Jul-Sep. |
| 33. Garberia heterophylla (Bartram) Merr. and
Harper synonym: Garberia fruticosa (Nutt.) A. Gray is the correct name
IF
the names in Bartram's Travels are considered not validly published.
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 254; Taylor, p. 290 endemic |
Cronquist, 196
Small, 1336 Wunderlin, 629 |
garberia | Compositae/
Asteraceae; daisy family tribe: Eupatorieae |
evergreen shrub; aromatic; to 2.5 m tall; lvs numerous, alternate, to 3.5 cm long 7 2 cm wide; heads terminal bunches, each with 5 flrs; flrs tubular, pink-purple; pappus persistent, brownish; dry sandy pine or pine-oak scrub and prairies; Brevard, Citrus, Clay, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Manatee, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Seminole, Sumter and Volusia cos. |
| 34. Harrisella filiformis (Sw.) Cogn.
synonym: H. porrecta (Reich.f.) Fawc. and Rendle
FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central America |
Long and Lakela, 327-328
Luer, 272-273 Small, 398 Wunderlin, 238 |
threadroot orchid
leafless orchid jingle bell orchid needleroot airplant orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
epiphyte; roots less than 1 mm wide and over 30 cm long, green; lvs none; panicles or racemes with 1-6 tiny flrs, floral bracts 1 mm long, papery; flrs greenish yellow, less than 3 mm long; old orange groves, strand swamps, hardwood swamps, hammocks; Citrus, Collier, DeSoto, Glades, Hernando, Highlands, Hills-borough, Manatee, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Polk, (Sarasota) and Sumter cos., Aug-Sep. |
| 35. Hartwrightia floridana Gray ex S. Watson
| Atlas; Chafin endemic |
Cronquist, 195-196
Small, 1318 Ward, 138-139 Wunderlin, 630 |
hartwrightia | Compositae/
Asteraceae; daisy family tribe: Eupatorieae |
perennial herb; glabrous; up to 1.5 m tall; lvs alternate, basal, entire, 5-25 x1-8 cm; flat-topped clusters of heads, 7-10 flrs per head, flrs tubular, white or pink, 3.4 mm long; wet flatwoods, bogs, seepage slope clearings, pine woods; Baker, Clay, Hardee, Highlands, Lake, Marion, Nassau, Polk, Putnam and Volusia cos.; Sept-Nov. |
| 36. Hexastylis arifolia (Michaux) Small
synonym: Asarum arifolium Michaux
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p.61 VA, KY south to FL, AL, LA |
Clewell, 248
Radford et al., 400-401 Small, 1280 Ward, 139 Wunderlin, 269, as Asarum |
heartleaf wild ginger
little-brown-jug |
Aristolochiaceae;
birthwort family |
perennial herb; aromatic; colonial; lvs leathery, heart-shaped, purplish beneath, mottled above; flrs fleshy, maroon, tubular, odorless; slope forest, seepage strem banks; Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton and Washington cos.; Feb-Apr. |
| 37. Ilex amelanchier M.A. Curtis in Chapm.
| Galle, p. 133, plates 29 and 30 FL, GA, SC, NC, AL, MS, LA |
Clewell, 247
Godfrey, 149, 150 Godfrey and Wooten II, 308 Radford et al., 682 Small, 816 Wunderlin, 412 |
serviceberry holly
sarvis holly |
Aquifoliaceae;
holly family |
shrub, to 5 m tall; lvs deciduous, oblong, oblong-obovte or elliptic, to 9 cm long and 4 cm wide, lower surface with soft, shaggy hairs, margins entire or with a few small teeth; separate and plants; calyx lobes 4; corolla lobes 4, white or yellowish; drupes dull cherry-red, 5-10 mm wide; 4 nutlets; along creeks, floodplain forests, cypress-gum swamps; Escambia, Holmes, Jackson, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos.; spring. |
| 38. Ilex krugiana Loesner
[In 1998 Rule, this species was ranked as Endangered.]
FL and Cuba |
Correll and Correll, 860-862
Long and Lakela, 567 Small, 814 Ward, 95-96 Wunderlin, 412-413 |
Krug's holly
tawnyberry holly |
Aquifoliaceae;
holly family |
shrub or tree to 11 m tall; lvs evergreen, 4 to 7.5 cm long, entire (mostly); frt black, achenes smooth; rockland hammocks, pinelands ; Dade Co.; Feb-Jul |
| 39. Jacquemontia curtissii Peter ex Small.f.
According to Dr. D. F. Austin, Convolvulaceae expert, the proper spelling
should be curtisii.
This is a special exception to the nomenclature rules.
Normally, this specific epithet should read as curtissii
since it is named for A.H. Curtiss.
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 116; DPI poster, plate #37 endemic |
Long and Lakela, 724
Small, 1089 Ward, 96-97 Wunderlin, 511, as J. curtisii |
pineland
jacquemontia |
Convolvulaceae;
morning glory family |
perennial vine, woody base, reclingin; lvs 1-2 cm long, elliptic or elliptic-spathulate; calyx lobe 0.4-0.5 cm long; corollas white, 2-3 cm wide; pine rocklands, marl prairie, spoil banks, mesic flatwoods; Collier, Dade, Hendry and Monroe [incl. Keys] cos. [misidentified from: Indian River, Martin, Palm Beach cos.]; all year. |
| 40. Jacquinia keyensis Mez
| Atlas FL and West Indies |
Correll and Correll, 1084-1085
Long and Lakela, 672 Small, 1028 Wunderlin, 479 |
joewood
cudjoe-wood |
Theophrastaceae;
joewood family |
tree; to 5 m tall; pale bark; lvs evergreen, opposite, leathery, 1-5 cm long; terminal racemes, erect-spreading, usually exceeding the lvs; petals 5, half the length united into a tube, yellowish, fragrant; 5 staminodia; 5 stamens; coastal strand, coastal grassland, maritime hammocks, rocky pineland; Dade, Lee and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year. |
| 41. Kalmia latifolia L.
| Atlas; Nelson, plate #49 Canada, southward to FL and LA |
Clewell, 348
Godfrey, 245-247 Radford et al., 803 Small, 999 Wunderlin, 476 |
mountain laurel
ivy calico bush spoon wood |
Ericaceae;
heath family |
shrub; to 12 m tall; forming thickets; lvs evergreen, alternate, to 12 cm long; flower clusters viscid; pink corollas, 20-25 mm wide, with pockets for anthers; stamens 10; capsule woody; slope forest, riverbanks, creek swamps; (Bay), Calhoun, Escambia, Gadsden, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Suwannee, Walton and Washington cos.; Mar-May. |
| 42. Lachnocaulon digynum Körn.
Wunderlin et al. use: L. digynum J. Konig
FL, AL, MS |
Clewell, 106
Godfrey and Wooten I, 527-529 Small, 256 Wunderlin, 192 |
Panhandle bogbuttons
tiny bogbuttons pineland bogbutton |
Eriocaulaceae;
hatpins family |
perennial, dense tufts of rosettes resemble moss; lvs linear, to 1 cm long and to 2.5 mm wide, yellow-green; flower stalk to 10 cm long, glabrous; infl ball-like, pale brown; flrs with 2 stigmas; wet acid sands, peat or seepage bogs, pond margins; Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Holmes, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos. |
| 43. Lechea cernua Small
[:similar species in Radford et al., p. 721] endemic |
Long and Lakela, 611-612
Small, 883 Wunderlin, 440 |
scrub pinweed | Cistaceae;
rockrose family |
perennial herb, branched near the base; basal lvs less than 3X as long as broad, stem lvs small, alternate; flrs small, numerous; 5 sepals in 2 rings, outer shorter than inner; 3 petals, shorter than sepals; capsule about same length as sepals; sand scrub, openings, fire main-tained; (Brevard), Broward, Collier, (Hardee), Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lake, Lee, Manatee, Martin, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pinellas, Polk, Seminole, St. Lucie and (Volusia) cos.; Jul-Jan. |
| 44. Leitneria floridana Chapman
| Chafin; Nelson, plate #81 MO, AR, TX, GA, FL |
Clewell, 418
Godfrey and Wooten II, 27-29 Small, 407-408 Ward, 143-144 Wunderlin, 253 |
corkwood | Leitneriaceae/
Simaroubaceae; corkwood family/ quassia family |
shrub or tree, to 6 m tall; bark smooth, red-brown; lvs deciduous, alternate, 10-20 cm long, lf stalks 2-3 cm long; flrs appear before lvs, or clusters (usually on separate plants); flrs highly reduced, lack both sepals and petals; frts dry drupes; muddy riverbanks, sawgrass marshes, brackish marshes, coastal hammocks; Dixie, Franklin, Levy, Taylor and Wakulla cos.; Feb-Mar. |
| 45. Lilium catesbaei Walter
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p.16; Taylor, p. 300; DPI poster, plate #41
Coastal Plain, VA to FL and LA |
Clewell, 179
Godfrey and Wooten I, 585 Radford et al., 310, 311 Small, 291 Wunderlin, 207 |
Catesby lily
pine lily leopard lily southern red lily |
Liliaceae;
lily family |
perennial herb; lvs alternate (our other lilies have some whorled lvs), linear; flrs with 6 tepals, orange-pink with darker freckles, tepals clawed, recurved; wet flatwoods, bogs, usually with grasses; Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, De Soto, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hamilton, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Lake, Lee, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, (Seminole), St. Johns, St. Lucie, Taylor, Union, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Jul-Oct. |
| 46. Listera australis Lindl.
Quebec and Ontario, south to FL, west to TX |
Clewell, 186
Luer, 66-67 Godfrey and Wooten I, 647-648 Radford et al., 340-341 Small, 378-379, as Ophrys Wunderlin, 238 |
southern twayblade
double-leaf orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 20 cm tall; lvs 2, opposite at midstem, to 3.5 cm long and 2 cm wide; terminal raceme, to 25 flrs; flrs greenish purple, to 9 mm, lip forked, linear-oblong; capsule to 8 mm long; rich humus of low moist woods, sphagnum moss, stream banks; Alachua, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Polk, Putnam and Wakulla cos.; Jan-Mar. |
| 47. Lobelia cardinalis L.
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 119; Taylor, p. 313 Canada, MN, south to FL and TX |
Clewell, 261
Godfrey and Wooten II, 739-740 Radford et al., 1005-1006 Small, 1292-1293 Wunderlin, 589-590 |
cardinal flower | Campanulaceae;
bell flower family |
perennial herb; to 1.5 m tall; corollas bright red; river-banks, springs, coastal hammocks; Alachua, Bradford, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Hernando, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Pasco, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla and Walton cos.; summer-fall. |
| 48. Lupinus westianus Small
Isely has two varieties of L. westianus. The description and distribution given here is for var. westianus; the other variety is aridorum, see Endangered List #226. | Atlas endemic |
Clewell, 409
Isely, 119 Small, 681 Ward, 99-100 Wunderlin, 363-364 |
Gulfcoast lupine
Gulf coast lupine |
Leguminosae/
Fabaceae; legume family Papilionoideae, pea subfamily |
biennial herb; to 1.5 m tall; multi-stemmed; silvery due to hairs; lvs alternate, crowded, not cpd, 3-7 cm long, 2-3 cm wide; flrs blue, standard with red spot; coastal dunes, disturbed open sandy areas; Bay, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton and Washington cos.; Mar-May. |
| 49. Malus angustifolia (Aiton) Michaux
| Atlas; Nelson, plate #118 VA, KY south to FL and LA |
Clewell, 468
Godfrey, 564-565 Radford et al., 557 Small, 634 Wunderlin, 329 |
crabapple
flowering crabapple southern crabapple |
Rosaceae;
rose family |
tree, to 10 m tall, forms thickets; thorns tipping leafy branches (or branches with lf-scars); lvs alternate, blunt tipped, deciduous, toothed; flrs 3-5 at ends of spur shoots, 5 petals white to pink; frt a pome; open, well-drained woodland, fence rows; Calhoun, Gadsden, Hamilton, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Taylor, Wakulla and Washington cos.; early spring |
| 50. Manilkara jaimiqui (C. Wright) Dubard
ours is ssp. emarginata (L.) Cronquist synonyms: M. bahamensis (Baker) Lam. and Meeuse; Mimusops
emarginata (L.) Britt.
| Atlas; Nelson, plate #139; Scurlock, p. 110 FL, West Indies |
Correll and Correll, 1099-1100
Long and Lakela, 681 Small, 1035 Wunderlin, 483 |
wild dilly
wild sapodilla |
Sapotaceae;
sapote family |
tree, to 10 m tall, milky sap; lvs alternate but clustered at twig ends, oblong to oblong-elliptic, blunt, many notched at tip, to 10 cm long, brownish hairs below, glabrous with age; infl axillary clusters; calyx with 6 sepals, hairy; corollas pale yellow, to 2 cm wide; berries with brown, scurfy skins, ca. 3 cm wide, edible; hammocks; Collier, Dadeand Monroe [Keys only] cos.; winter, spring. |
| 51. Matelea gonocarpos (Walter) Shinners
Kartesz uses the above; most of the manuals use: M. gonocarpa
as does D.J. Drapalik, who studied SE species for his dissertation (1970)
from Univ. North Carolina.
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 197 FL, GA to TX, MO, KY |
Clewell, 252
Correll and Johnston, 1240 Radford et al., 856-857 Small, 1076 Wunderlin, 503 |
angle-pod | Asclepiadaceae;
milkweed family |
vine; lvs to 18 cm long, sometimes with basal lobes overlapping; corollas rotate, glabrous inside, corona not ridged; follicle winged, spineless; bluffs, floodplains; Alachua, Brevard, Calhoun, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Glades, Gulf, Hamilton, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Johns, Sumter, Suwannee, Volusia and Washington cos.; May-Jul. |
| 52. Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth.
| Atlas; Nelson, plate #41;Scurlock, p. 113 FL, West Indies, TX, Mexico |
Correll and Correll, 870, 872
Correll and Johnston, 999 Long and Lakela, 569 Small, 818-819 Wunderlin, 414 |
mayten
gutta-percha mayten Florida mayten leatherleaf mangle dulce |
Celastraceae;
staff-tree family |
shrub or tree, to 7 m tall, gray or gray-brown bark; lvs obovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, tips blunt or with tiny notches, margins entire, to 4 cm long, leathery; flrs solitary or clusters in axils; corolla to 3 mm wide, whitish or greenish; stamens inserted below disk; capsules to 12 mm long, 4-angled, red; seeds with red aril; hammocks, dunes; Collier, Citrus, Dade, Lee, Levy, Hillsborough, Manatee, Monroe [Keys only], Pasco and Pinellas cos. |
| 53. Melanthera parvifolia Small
endemic |
Cronquist, 32
Long and Lakela, 831 Small, 1419 Wunderlin, 640- but listed as one of many synonyms of M. nivea [snow squarestem] |
small-leaved melanthera
small-leaved cat-tongue |
Compositae/
Asteraceae; daisy family tribe: Heliantheae |
perennial herb; lvs opposite, toothed; heads terminal, flrs all tubular. Similar to M. nivea: 20 to 60 cm tall (vs. 50 to 200 cm tall); slender stems 1 to 2 mm thick (vs. robust stems); lvs up to 4 cm long (vs. 5-15 cm long); short petioles (vs. obvious petioles); mowed pine rocklands, marl prairies; Collier, Dade and Monroe cos. |
| 54. Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh
synonym: Eugenia simpsonii (Small) Sarg.
| Atlas FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 1048-1049
Long and Lakela, 646, 648 Small, 936, as Anamomis simpsonii Wunderlin, 454 |
Simpson's stopper
naked-wood pale stopper twinberry |
Myrtaceae;
myrtle family |
tree, to 20 m tall, bark pale reddish-brown to tan; lvs opposite, with fragrance like nutmeg; infl stalk 2-4 cm long, 3 to 7 flrs; calyx 2 unequal pairs, petals 4, white, to 6 mm long; frt red, 2-celled, persistent calyx; hammocks; Brevard, Broward, Collier, Dade, Hendry, Indian River, Lee, Martin, Monroe [incl. Keys], Okeechobee, Osceola, (Palm Beach), Seminole, St. Johns, St. Lucie and Volusia cos.; all year. |
| 55. Najas filifolia Haynes
endemic |
Brittonia 37:392-393 (1985)
Wunderlin, 67 |
slender naiad
needleleaf waternymph |
Najadaceae;
najas family |
submerged in water; stems slender, about 20 cm long, brittle; lvs with sheath-like bases; flrs lack petals or calyx, tiny; frts curved; Alachua, Bradford, Highlands, Lake, Leon, Marion, Osceola and Santa Rosa cos. |
| 56. Nephrolepis biserrata (Swartz) Schott
FL, Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America, Africa, Asia |
Correll and Correll, 30
FNA, 307 Lakela and Long, 96, 99 Long and Lakela, 85 Small, ferns: 306-307 Wunderlin, 57-58
see also, Botany Circular 32 |
giant sword fern
Boston fern |
Pteridophyta--
Dryopteridaceae/ Polypodiaceae/ Davalliaceae; wood fern family/ polypody family/ davallia family |
fern; wiry stolons, tubers absent; lvs to 2 m long, erect, spreading or reclining, segments articulate to rachis, elliptic-lanceolate, to 23 cm long and 2 cm wide, upper surface hairy, margins finely toothed; scales pale brown and lacking transparent margins; mesic hammocks, roadside, clearings, swamps; Broward, Collier, Dade, Highlands, Lee, (Manatee), Martin, Monroe [not Keys] and Palm Beach cos.; spores all year. |
| 57. Nolina atopocarpa Bartlett
[see Taylor, p. 35 for N. brittoniana photo] endemic |
Clewell, 64
Small, 304 Ward, 42-43 Wunderlin, 213 |
Florida beargrass | Dracaenaceae;
dragon's blood family Or, Agavaceae; agave family Or, Liliaceae; lily family |
perennial, short stem; plant either or (occasionally both); lvs long and slender, to 2 m long and 4 mm wide; flrs small with 6 whitish perianth parts; ovary rounded at apex, capsule notched at apex; fire tolerant, tips of leaves burn but stem remains unharmed; grassy areas of flatwoods, bordering savannahs, shell middens; Brevard, Charlotte, Franklin, Lee, Liberty, (Marion), Orange, St. Johns and Volusia cos.; May-Aug. |
| 58. Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.
| Atlas VA, SC, GA, LA, TX, FL, West Indies, Mexico |
Benson, 497-501
Correll and Correll, 1016 Long and Lakela, 625-626 Small, 909 Wunderlin, 448 |
shell mound prickly-
pear common prickly-pear erect pricklypear |
Cactaceae;
cactus family |
perennial; much branched, to about 2 m tall; joints green, to 40 cm long, 25 cm wide, 2 cm thick; lvs quickly deciduous, conical, to 7 mm long; var. stricta: no spines (or solitary ones in marginal areoles), var. dillenii: areoles with small barbed spines and larger unbarbed yellowish spines to 4 cm long; flrs solitary at the areoles, bright yellow; shell mounds, coastal areas; Brevard, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, (Gulf), Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Levy, Manatee, Monroe [incl. Keys], Nassau, Okeechobee, Palm Beach, Pinellas, Sarasota, St. Johns, St. Lucie, Volusia, Wakulla and Walton cos.; all year. |
| 59. Panicum nudicaule Vasey
Kartesz: Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. dichotomum. Atlas: Dichanthelium nudicaule (Vasey) B. F. Hanson and Wunderlin
FL, AL, MS |
Clewell, 136, 520-521
Hall, 281 Hitchcock and Chase, 650 Wunderlin, 101, as Dichanthelium dichotomum |
naked-stemmed panic
grass |
Gramineae/
Poaceae; grass family |
perennial with erect stems, lower internodes short, upper elongated giving stem a naked look; blades to 10 cm long and 0.8 mm wide; panicle long exserted, to 7 cm long; spikelets narrowly elongated, 2.7 to 2.9 mm long, glabrous; swamps, Bay and Santa Rosa cos. |
| 60. Phoebanthus tenuifolius (Torrey and A. Gray)
Blake
| Atlas endemic |
Clewell, 319 as P. tenuifolia
Cronquist, 46 Small, 1442, as P. tenuifolia Wunderlin, 641-642 |
pineland false sunflower | Compositae/
Asteraceae; daisy family tribe: Heliantheae |
perennial, to 1 m tall, thickened rhizomes; lower stem lvs opposite, but most alternate, simple, entire, 1-2 mm wide; head usually solitary, terminal; 10-15 ray flrs: to 4.5 cm long, not fertile; disc flrs perfect, disk yellow or red-purple, to 2.2 cm wide; sandy pineland near Apalachicola River; Calhoun, Gulf, Franklin and Liberty cos.; spring-summer. |
| 61. Physostegia godfreyi Cantino
| Atlas endemic |
Clewell, 385
Godfrey and Wooten II, 615, 616 Wunderlin, 533 |
Apalachicola
dragonhead Apalachicola obedience plant Godfrey's dragonhead |
Labiatae/
Lamiaceae; mint family |
rhizomatous perennial, to 1 m tall; lowest lvs peti-olate, upper lvs bract-like, 3-6.5 cm long, elliptic, oblanceolate or lanceolate, margins rarely toothed, glabrous; raceme; calyx, pedicels and peduncles with short pointy hairs and stipitate glands; corolla tubular, to 3 cm long, rose, lower lip 3-lobed, splotched purple, purple veins inside tube; 4 nutlets pebbly-warty; bogs, pine flatwoods, savannas, ditches; Bay, Cal-houn, Franklin, Gulf, Liberty, Walton and Wakulla cos. |
| 62. Pinckneya bracteata (Bartram) Raf.
synonym: Pinckneya pubens Michaux
| Atlas; DPI poster, plate #43; Nelson, plate #129 SC, GA, FL |
Clewell, 374
Godfrey, 601, 603, 604 Godfrey and Wooten II, 714-716 Radford et al., 978-979, 980 Small, 1252-1253 Wunderlin, 581 |
fever tree
maiden's blushes Georgia bark |
Rubiaceae;
madder family |
shrub or tree; lvs opposite, deciduous, soft hairs; calyx with 1 enlarged lobe, showy and pink (rarely yellow); corollas inconspicuous; bays, seepage swamps, hillside bogs, often with poison sumac; Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Wakulla and Washington cos.; spring. |
| 63. Pinguicula caerulea Walter
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 212; Taylor, p. 280 NC, SC, GA, FL |
Clewell, 419
Godfrey and Wooten II, 675-676 Radford et al., 967 Small, 1232 Wunderlin, 564 |
blue butterwort | Lentibulariaceae;
bladderwort family |
terrestrial herb; basal rosette, lvs yellowish-green, curling upward at the tips, clammy pubescent; flr stem to 20 cm long; corolla 2.5 to 3 cm wide, deep to pale violet with darker veins; sandy to sandy-peaty soils of pine flatwoods, ditches, roadsides; Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Brevard, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gilchrist, Glades, Hamilton, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Sarasota, Seminole, Sumter, Taylor, Union, Volusia and Wakulla cos.; Dec-May. |
| 64. Pinguicula lutea Walter
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 213; Taylor, p. 166 FL, NC, SC, GA, AL, MS, LA |
Clewell, 419
Godfrey and Wooten II, 672-675 Radford et al., 967 Small, 1232 Wunderlin, 564 |
yellow butterwort | Lentibulariaceae;
bladderwort family |
terrestrial herb; basal rosette, lvs yellowish-green, curling upward at tips (tips appear acuminate); clammy pubescent; flr stem to 25 cm long; corolla 2.5-3.5 wide, yellow, not veined; sandy-peaty soils, pine flatwoods, seepage bogs, ditches, roadsides; Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Glades, Gulf, Hamilton, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla and Walton cos.; Feb-May. |
| 65. Pinguicula planifolia Chapman
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 213 FL, AL, MS |
Clewell, 420
Godfrey and Wooten II, 675-678 Small, 1232-1233 Wunderlin, 564 |
swamp butterwort
flatleaf butterwort |
Lentibulariaceae;
bladderwort family |
terrestrial herb; rosette dull red to purple, or green with reddish streaks, lvs thin, flat; flr stem to 25 cm long; corolla ca. 3 cm wide, deeply incised, violet to magenta (white), unveined; bogs, swamps, margins of peaty ponds, ditches, drainage canals; Bay, (Calhoun), Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton and Washington cos.; Feb-Apr. |
| 66. Pithecellobium keyense Britton ex Britton and
Rose synonym: P. guadalupense (Pers.) Chapman
| Atlas; Nelson, plate #78; Scurlock, p. 126 FL, West Indies, Mexico |
Correll and Correll, 679-680
Isely, 9-10 Long and Lakela, 451 Small, 653 Wunderlin, 369 |
blackbead
Guadeloupe blackbead ram's horn FL Keys blackbead |
Leguminosae/
Fabaceae; legume family Mimosoideae, acacia subfamily |
shrub or tree, to 8 m tall, usually unarmed; lvs cpd, lflet stalks longer than petiole, lflets in 2 pairs, obovate to narrowly elliptic, to 5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, notched or blunt tips, leathery; infl head-like, to 2.5 cm wide, on stalk to 3.5 cm long; corolla 4-5 mm long, whitish-yellow; numerous exserted stamens; legume twisted, curved or coiled, to 15 cm long and 1 cm wide; seeds shiny, black with red arils (edible); hammocks, pinelands, sand dunes adjacent to beaches; Broward, Dade, Martin, Monroe [incl. Keys] and Palm Beach cos. |
| 67. Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl.
synonym: Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Hook. Atlas: P. blephariglottis var. conspicua (Nash) Luer
| Atlas coastal plain: NJ south to FL then west to TX |
Clewell, 187
Godfrey and Wooten I, 635, 638 Luer, 140-142 Radford et al., 338-339 Small, 369-370, as Blephariglottis Wunderlin, 240 |
white-fringed orchid
plume-of-Navarre large white-fringed orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 1 m tall; lvs 2 -4, keeled, to 35 cm long; raceme, 30-50 flrs; flrs white, fringed lip 2 cm long, spur 3-4 cm long; marshes, meadows, depressions, bogs in pine savannas; Alachua, Brevard, Calhoun, Clay, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Suwannee, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Aug-Sep. |
| 68. Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl.
synonym: Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br. in Aiton
| Atlas NY west to IL, south to AR, TX, FL |
Clewell, 187
Godfrey and Wooten I, 640-641 Luer, 138-139 Radford et al., 338-339 Small, 370 Wunderlin, 240 |
yellow-fringed orchid
orange plume |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 1 m tall; lvs 2-4, keeled, to 30 cm long; raceme, 30-60 flrs; flrs orange, fringed lip 2 cm long, spur to 3.5 cm long and longer than the ovary; bogs, swamps, marshes, pine savannas, flatwoods, flood-plain forests, forest slopes; Alachua, Bay, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Gadsden, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Levy, Madison, Manatee, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Suwannee, Union, Volusia, Walton and Washington cos.; Aug-Sep. |
| 69. Platanthera cristata (Michaux) Lindl.
synonym: Habenaria cristata (Michaux) R. Br. in Aiton
| Atlas; DPI poster, plate #49 MA south to FL, then west to TX |
Clewell, 187
Godfrey and Wooten I, 635, 639- 640 Luer, 142-143 Radford et al., 338, 340 Small, 369, as Blephariglottis Wunderlin, 240 |
crested fringed orchid
orange crest orchid golden fringed orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
Similar to P. ciliaris, but the spur ½ long as ovary and raceme narrower, smaller flowers; sphagnum and sedge bogs, meadows, pine savannas, flatwoods, wet prairies, edge of swamps, seepage slopes; Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Calhoun, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hillsborough, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Pasco, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Jun-Sep. |
| 70. Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl.
synonym: Habenaria flava (L.) R. Br. in Aiton
MD south to FL, west to TX, AR, MO, IL IN, TN and KY |
Clewell, 187
Godfrey and Wooten I, 644-645 Luer, 149-150 Radford et al., 337-338 Small, 371, as Perularia Wunderlin, 240-241 |
gypsy-spikes
southern tubercled orchid southern rein orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 60 cm tall; lvs 2-3, middle of stem; raceme densely flowered; flrs yellowish-green, lip entire, with 2 small lobes at base and a tubercle near base; mud flats, floodplain swamps, meadows, swales; Citrus, Clay, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Hernando, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Levy, Marion, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Sumter, Volusia and Wakulla cos.; Mar-Oct. |
| 71. Platanthera nivea (Nutt.) Luer
synonym: Habenaria nivea (Nutt.) Spreng.
| Atlas NJ, DE south to FL, west to TX, AR |
Clewell, 187
Godfrey and Wooten I, 640, 643-644 Luer, 146-147 Radford et al, 337 Small, 373, as Gymnadeniopsis Wunderlin, 237, as Habenaria nivea |
snowy orchid
bog-torch frog-spear white rein orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 60 cm tall; lvs 2-3 near base; flrs intensely white, lip entire and uppermost, spur 2X longer than ovary; bogs, wet pine savannas and flatwoods, wet prairies; Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Clay, Collier, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Hills-borough, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Martin, Nassau, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, St. Johns, St. Lucie, Taylor, Union, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; May-Jun. |
| 72. Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker-Gawl.
| Atlas Canada south to FL, MN to TN southwest to TX |
Clewell, 187
Godfrey and Wooten I, 650, 652 Luer, 38-39 Radford et al., 342-343 Small, 375 Wunderlin, 241 |
rose pogonia
ettercap crested ettercap rose crested orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 35 cm tall; lv solitary, midstem; usually 1 flr (to 3), sepals widely spread, pink (to whitish); petals curve over the column, lip to 2.5 cm long, pink, margin fringed deep reddish-rose, 3 longitudinal rows of yellow bristles; sphagnum bogs, meadows, swamps, pine savannas, pine flatwoods, prairies; Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gilchrist, Gulf, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Johns, Union, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Mar-May. |
| 73. Polygonella macrophylla Small
| Chafin FL, AL (1 county) |
Clewell, 454
Small, 449 Ward, 52-53 Wunderlin, 271-272 |
large-leaved
jointweed |
Polygonaceae;
buckwheat family |
sub-shrub; to over 1 m tall; brittle stems; lvs alternate, blunt tips, entire; clusters of red flrs terminate stems; sand pine-oak scrub; Bay, Escambia, Franklin, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, (Wakulla) and Walton cos.; Oct-Nov. |
| 74. Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urban
FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 575-576
Long and Lakela, 444 Small, 651, as Laurocerasus Wunderlin, 329-330 |
West Indian cherry
West Indian laurel- cherry |
Rosaceae;
rose family |
shrub or tree, to 15 m tall; bruised lvs with almond scent, elliptic to oblong-ovate, abruptly acute or acuminate, to 12 cm long, entire, glandular along margin, glossy; axillary racemes shorter than lvs; sepals minute; petals yellowish white, to 3 mm long; drupe ca. 1 cm wide, glossy black-purple; hammocks; Dade Co., fall. |
| 75. Psidium longipes (Berg) McVaugh
| Atlas; Scurlock, p. 132 FL, West Indies |
Correll and Correll, 1052, 1054-
1055 Long and Lakela, 646-647, as Myrtus Small, 937, as Mosiera Wunderlin, 545 |
mangrove berry
long-stalked stopper trailing eugenia Bahama stopper wild guava |
Myrtaceae;
myrtle family |
shrub or tree, to 4 m tall, short trunk, trailing branches; lvs opposite, ovate, oval to elliptic, to 5 cm long, thick, glossy, net veined, reddish veins below; flrs usually solitary; petals nearly equal, white to pink, ca. 7 mm long; stamens numerous, white; berry on long stalk, subglobose, persistent calyx, ca. 1 cm wide, black, many seeds, edible; hammocks, pinelands; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year. |
| 76. Pteris bahamensis (J. Agardh) Fée
synonym: P. longifolia L. var. bahamensis (Agardh) Hieron.
| Atlas FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 41-42
FNA, 133-134 Lakela and Long, 70-73 Long and Lakela, 89 Small, ferns: 100-102, as Pycnodoria bahamensis Wunderlin, 42-43 |
Bahama ladder brake
plumy ladder brake Bahama brake long-leaved brake |
Pteridophyta--
Pteridaceae/ Polypodiaceae; maidenhair fern family/ polypody family |
fern; lvs to 1 m, clustered, stiff, cpd; lflets undivided, well separated, narrow-linear, bases rounded or eared (not cordate), margins obscurely toothed; sori marginal, continuous, covered with reflexed lflet margins; limestone pockets in pine rockland, edges of hammocks; Broward, Collier, Dade, Monroe [Keys only], Palm Beach, St. Lucie cos.; all year. |
| 77. Pycnanthemum floridanum Grant and Epling
| Atlas FL and 1 county in GA |
Clewell, 386
Wunderlin, 534-535 |
Florida mountain-mint
horsemint |
Labiatae/
Lamiaceae; mint family |
perennial herb, much branched above middle; lvs over 3 cm long, green, glabrous, opposite; infl terminal, cymose, congested but not in a head; bracts grayish due to tiny hairs, subtend several flowers, acute to acuminate; calyx and corolla tubular; 4 functional stamens with straight separate filaments; 4 nutlets are barely attached at bases; sandhills, 2nd pinelands; hammocks, wet pinelands; Alachua, Clay, Duval, Flagler, Hernando, Leon, Levy, Madison, Marion, Putnam, Seminole, St. Johns and Volusia cos.; Jul-Aug. |
| 78. Quercus arkansana Sarg.
| Brown and Kirkman, plate 23 FL, GA, AL, LA, AR |
Clewell, 363
Godfrey, 330-332 Small, 430 Wunderlin, 256-258 |
Arkansas oak | Fagaceae;
beech family |
small tree, to 17 m tall, bark with long narrow ridges and furrows, nearly black; lvs deciduous, [resemble Q. marilandica, but lacks gland-like hairs on lvs], variable, obovate, unlobed to slightly 3-5-lobed at tip, to 15 cm long, a few bristles extend beyond the veins, upper surface dark green, shiny, lower surface with shaggy, tawny stellate hairs in vein axils; acorn subglobose to 1 cm long, cup holding ¼ of acorn body; mixed woodlands, well-drained soils, bayheads; Calhoun, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos. |
| 79. Reynosia septentrionalis Urban
| Atlas; Scurlock, p. 138 FL, West Indies |
Correll and Correll, 898-899
Long and Lakela, 580 Small, 831 Wunderlin, 420 |
Darling plum
red ironwood |
Rhamnaceae;
buckthorn family |
shrub or tree, to 10 m tall, gray-brown bark, splitting into plates; lvs opposite, variable, oblong, ovate, to elliptic, notched at tip, margins rolled under, to 4 cm long, leathery, glabrous; axillary clusters; sepals 5 yellow-green, not crested, ca. 2 mm long; no petals; stamens 5, alternate with sepals; drupe dark purple, to 2 cm long, persistent style, edible; hammocks; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year. |
| 80. Rhexia salicifolia Kral and Bostick
FL, AL |
Clewell, 432
Godfrey and Wooten II, 368-370 Wunderlin, 456 |
Panhandle meadow
beauty |
Melastomataceae;
melastoma family |
perennial herb, to 20 cm tall, stems 4-angled, narrowly winged, roots with tubers near ends; lvs opposite, linear, spathulate, oblong or elliptic, twisted vertically, to 4 cm long, 5 mm wide, glandular hairs on surface, margins entire; cymes; hypanthium with neck shorter than body; calyx lobes triangular; petals deep lavender-rose, to 12 mm long, glandular hairs on outside; pond margins, coastal swales; Bay, Calhoun, Leon, Okaloosa, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos. |
| 81. Rhynchosia parvifolia DC.
| Atlas FL, West Indies |
Isely, 105
Small, 713 Wunderlin, 369-370 |
small-leaf snoutbean | Leguminosae/
Fabaceae; legume family Papilionoideae, pea subfamily |
herbaceous vine, stem gray-hairy, to 3 m long; lvs trifoliate, lflets elliptic or obovate to 2.5 cm long, leathery, glands hidden by hairs; raceme not longer than lvs; calyx 5-7 mm long; corolla yellow, gland dotted, standard to 1 cm long; legume elliptic, 1.5-1.8 cm long and 4-6 mm wide; pinelands, along trails, beaches; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year. |
| 82. Rhynchospora stenophylla Carey ex Chapman
FL, SC, NC, AL, MS |
Clewell, 100
Godfrey and Wooten I, 386-387 Radford et al., 210 Wunderlin, 170-175 |
narrow-leaved beak rush
coastalplain beaksedge |
Cyperaceae;
sedge family |
similar to R. rariflora. tussocked perennial, to 60 cm tall; lvs capillary, channeled, ca. ½ length flowering stem; terminal clusters to 3 cm across; spikelets 4-5 mm long, falcate, with single flr; 6 bristles as long or longer than tubercle on achene; bogs; flatwoods; Bay, Franklin, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Taylor, Walton and Washington cos. |
| 83. Sachsia bahamensis Urban
Kartesz: S. polycephala Griseb. [In 1998 Rule, this species was ranked Endangered.]
| Atlas FL and West Indies |
Cronquist, 175, as Sachsia
polycephala Griseb. Long and Lakela, 866 Ward, 59 Wunderlin, 646, as Kartesz |
Bahama sachsia | Compositae/ Asteraceae;
daisy family tribe: Inuleae. |
perennial herbs; basal rosettes of serrated lvs; stems up to 6/10 m tall; several heads, no ray flrs, marginal florets , with slender, hairlike corollas, yellow; inner florets bisexual, with tubular yellow corollas; pappus a single row of slender bristles; pine rocklands; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; all year. |
| 84. Sarracenia minor L.
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 72; Taylor, p. 132 NC to FL |
Clewell, 479
Godfrey and Wooten II, 192, 194 Radford et al., 512 Small, 582-583 Wunderlin, 319-320 |
hooded pitcher-plant
rain-hat trumpet |
Sarraceniaceae;
pitcher plant family |
perennial herb; lvs erect, to 1 m tall, but most less than
½ m; green pitcher (turning reddish in sun) marked with white spots; hood arching over mouth; petals yellow, odorless; flatwoods, bogs, ditches; Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Nassau, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Sumter, Taylor, Union, Volusia and Wakulla cos.; Mar-May and Sept. |
| 85. Sarracenia psittacina Michaux
| Atlas GA, FL west to LA |
Clewell, 479
Godfrey and Wooten II, 192- 193 Small, 581 Wunderlin, 319-320 |
parrot pitcher-plant | Sarraceniaceae;
pitcher plant family |
perennial herb; lvs evergreen, very narrow tube with wing, sprawling to erect, usually 9-28 cm long, green (reddish in sun) marked with white patches and red veined at top, hood curved (like parrot's beak); flrs high above the lvs, petals deep to bright red, faint sweet odor; flatwoods, bogs, often under water in floodtime; Baker, Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Nassau, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla, Walton and Washington cos.; Mar-May. |
| 86. Sarracenia purpurea L.
Atlas: S. rosea Naczi et al.
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 72 (inset) Canada south to FL, MS, OH, IN, IL, IA |
Clewell, 479
Godfrey and Wooten II, 201- 202 Radford et al., 512 Small, 581 Wunderlin, 319-320 |
decumbent pitcher-
plant flytrap Indian pitcher sidesaddle-plant Adam's pitcher huntsman's cup devil's boots |
Sarraceniaceae;
pitcher plant family |
perennial herb; lvs reclining, to 20 cm long, evergreen, inflated, with a prominent lateral wing, no white markings, green to purplish-red with red veins, hood erect (lets water enter); calyx dark red, petals rose pink, sweet odor with feline overtones; bogs, swamps, savannas, flatwoods; Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Gadsden,. Holmes, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton and Washington cos.; Mar-May. |
| 87. Sarracenia rubra Walter
Often divided into subspecies, see Godfrey and Wooten. In FL: ssp. wherryi and gulfensis.
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 72 NC, to FL, AL |
Clewell, 479
Godfrey and Wooten II, 196, 200-201 Radford et al., 512 Small, 581-582 Wunderlin, 319-320 |
sweet pitcher-plant
red-flowered pitcher- plant |
Sarraceniaceae;
pitcher plant family |
perennial herb; lvs erect, narrow trumpet-shaped, green to reddish, with reddish-brown veins, hood erect; flrs rise above lvs, petals red to maroon, sweet odor; stream banks, bogs, wet pinelands, seepage slopes; Escambia, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa and Walton cos.; Apr-May. |
| 88. Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl
note: The exotic weed, S. taccada (S. sericea),
has lvs more than 10 cm long and white drupes.
|Atlas; Scurlock, p. 146 FL, West Indies, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 1436-
1438 Long and Lakela, 820-821 Small, 1296 Wunderlin, 592 |
inkberry
half-flower beachberry black soap mad Moll |
Goodeniaceae;
goodenia family |
perennial herb or shrub; up to 1.5 m tall; lvs 3-6 cm long, alternate, glossy, winged stalk; corolla tube split on one side, white or pinkish, hairy inside; stigma with a cup underneath; berries black, juicy; beaches, coastal strand; Brevard, Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Manatee, Martin, Monroe [Keys only], Palm Beach, Pinellas, Sarasota and St. Lucie cos.; all year. |
| 89. Senna mexicana (Jacq.) Irwin and Barneby
ours is var. chapmanii (Isely) Irwin and Barneby
synonym: Cassia chapmanii Isely
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 157; Scurlock, p. 39 FL, West Indies |
Correll and Correll, 617-619
Long and Lakela, 458-459 Small, 662, as Peiranisia Wunderlin, 371-372 |
Chapman's sensitive
plant Bahama cassia Bahama senna |
Leguminosae/
Fabaceae; legume family Caesalpinioideae, cassia family |
spreading or erect shrub, to 3 m tall; lvs with 4-5 pairs lflets, with sessile gland between lower pair, lflets elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, to 4 cm long; racemes axillary and terminal, 3-15 flrs; corolla golden yellow, to 3 cm wide, 5 petals unequally sized and shaped; 6 fertile anthers; legume flat, to 10 cm long and 7 mm wide, falcate, papery; seeds brown, shiny, numerous; pinelands, hammocks, coastal dunes; Dade and Monroe (Keys) cos.; all year. |
| 90. Smilax havanensis Jacq.
FL, West Indies |
Correll and Correll, 307
Long and Lakela, 285 Small, 314 Wunderlin, 211 |
Everglades greenbrier
prickly green brier China-brier saw-vine Chaney-vine |
Smilacaceae;
smilax family |
woody vine, to 4+m long, angled stems, rigid prickles; lvs oval, elliptic, ovate to obovate, to 8 cm long, leathery, margins sinuate and with prickles, 3 to 5 main veins, prickles on midrib below; tepals 1.5 mm long; frt subglobose, to 6 mm wide, black; 3 seeds, maroon red; pinelands, hammocks; Collier, Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; fall. |
| 91. Solanum donianum Walpers
synonyms: S. blodgettii Chapm.; S. verbascifolium L. Atlas: S. donianum Walpers
| Atlas; Scurlock, p. 153 FL, West Indies, Mexico |
Correll and Correll, 1292
Long and Lakela, 756-757 Small, 1115 Wunderlin, 543-546, as S. verbascifolium |
potato tree
mullein nightshade |
Solanaceae;
solanum family |
shrub, to 3 m tall, stellate hairs; lvs elliptic to oblong, to 25 cm long and 7 cm wide, wavy margins; infl terminal clusters; corollas white, to 16 mm wide; berries bright red, globose, glabrous, to 6 mm wide; hammocks, lime sinks in pinelands; Collier, Dade and Monroe [including Keys] cos.; all year. |
| 92. Spermacoce terminalis (Small) Kartesz and
Gandhi synonym: Bourreria terminalis Small [Wunderlin, 349, uses B. terminalis as synonym for S. verticillata; however, Kartesz lists both S. terminalis and S. verticillata L.] endemic |
Long and Lakela, 805
Small, 1264, 1265 Wunderlin, 582-583 |
false buttonweed
Everglades Key false buttonweed |
Rubiaceae;
madder family |
perennial herb, to 30 cm tall; lvs opposite, to 3 cm long, linear-subulate to linear; infl terminal head; sepals 2 or 4; corolla tubular, 3 mm long, lobes and tube about same length, white; stamens 4, attached to corolla; capsule, 2-3 mm long; pinelands, coastal areas; Collier, Dade, Hendry, Martin, Monroe [Keys only] and Palm Beach cos.; all year. |
| 93. Spiranthes laciniata (Small) Ames
| Atlas NC to FL to TX |
Clewell, 188
Godfrey and Wooten I, 668- 669, as S. x laciniata Luer, 96-97 Radford et al., 349 Small, 381, as Ibidium Wunderlin, 243-244 |
lace-lip ladies' tresses
lace-lip spiral orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial herb; up to 60 cm tall; lvs basal or sheathing lower stem; inflor up to 50 flrs in single row, spiraled; flrs white, lip yellowish and lace-like at tip; shores swamps, marshes, flatwoods, wet sandy soil; Baker, Bradford, Broward, Charlotte, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade, Desoto, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gulf, Lake, Lee, Levy, Liberty, Martin, Monroe [not in Keys], Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Lucie, Sumter, Taylor, Union, Volusia and Wakulla cos.; Apr. |
| 94. Spiranthes longilabris Lindl.
| Atlas VA to FL to TX |
Clewell, 188
Godfrey and Wooten I, 665, 667-668 Luer, 97-98 Radford et al., 348 Small, 381, as Ibidium longilabre Wunderlin, 243-245 |
long-lip ladies' tresses
giant spiral orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial herb; to 60 cm tall; lvs basal, less than 5 mm wide, wither before flowering; infl up to 30 flrs, slightly spiraled to secund; flrs to 7 mm long, whitish, gaping, lip yellowish and fringed at tip; prairies, flatwoods, marshes, sandy bogs; Broward, Charlotte, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Gulf, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lee, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Santa Rosa and Sarasota cos.; Nov-Dec. |
| 95. Spiranthes tuberosa Raf.
synonym: Spiranthes grayi Ames
MA south to FL, west to IL, MO, AR, TX |
Clewell, 188
Luer, 105, 107 Radford et al., 34, 348 Small, 381, as Ibidium beckii Wunderlin, 243-245 |
little pearl-twist
little ladies' tresses |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial herb; to 30 cm tall; lvs 2 or 3, basal; inflor up to 30 flrs in single rank, spiraled or secund on very slender stem; flrs to 3 mm long, snow white; dry acid soil, open pine-palmetto woods, pine flatwoods; Alachua, Bradford, Citrus, Dixie, Escambia, Gadsden, Hardee, Hernando, Highlands, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Orange, Pinellas, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Suwannee and Washington cos.; Jun. |
| 96. Stenorrhynchos lanceolatus (Aubl.) L.C. Rich.
Kartesz: Spiranthes lanceolata (Aubl.) Léon See also, L. A. Garay's 1980 publ. in Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard)
28(4): 302 ff
FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 394-395
Luer, 117-122 Small, 183-184 Wunderlin, 242, as Sacoila lanceolata var. lanceolata |
leafless beaked orchid
terra-cotta orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 60 cm tall; lvs 4-6, basal, may disappear at flowering; infl up to 30 flrs, long stalk; flrs reddish, column long and beaked; open pastures, roadside, wet pine flatwoods, sandhills; Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Brevard, Charlotte, Citrus, Collier, Dade, DeSoto, Flagler, Glades, Hardee, Hendry, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lake, Lee, Marion, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Sarasota, Seminole, St. Lucie, Volusia and Walton cos.; Apr-Jul. |
| 97. Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.
[In 1998 Rule, this species was ranked as Endangered.] | Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 130; Scurlock, p. 159 FL, West Indies, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 754
Long and Lakela, 521 Small, 765 Wunderlin, 387 |
mahogany
West Indian mahogany Madeira redwood |
Meliaceae;
mahogany family |
tree; up to 25 m tall; lvs alternate, cpd, mostly 4-8 lf-lets; flrs white, 3-4 mm long, many in open cluster; maritime and rockland hammocks; Dade and upper Keys, escaping to Broward, Collier and Monroe cos. |
| 98. Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) L. Underw.
| Chafin FL, TX, Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 44, 46
FNA, 303 Lakela and Long, 159-160 Long and Lakela, 103 Small, ferns: 204-206 Wunderlin, 56-57 |
broad halberd fern
halberd fern |
Pteridophyta--
Dryopteridaceae/ Polypodiaceae/ Aspidaceae; fern families. |
fern; lvs 40-60 cm long, once compound, lower lflets with large acuminate lobes at base; sori in two rows between the lateral veins, peltate covering over spores; rockland hammocks; Broward, Citrus, Dade, Hernando, Martin and Palm Beach cos.; all year. |
| 99. Tephrosia mohrii (Rydberg) Godfrey
synonym: Cracca mohrii Rydberg
endemic |
Clewell, 414
Isely, 189, as part of T. virginiana (L.) Pers. Small, 706, as Cracca mohrii Wunderlin, 374-375, as part of T. virginiana |
pinelands hoary pea | Leguminosae/
Fabaceae; legume family Papilionoideae, pea subfamily |
perennial herb; lvs with 13-23 lflets, narrowly elliptic, margins entire, usually less than 15 mm long, with appressed hairs; racemes terminal (Clewell), solitary or clustered in lf axils (Isely); calyx teeth lance-ovate or cuspidate; corolla yellowish and rose tinged; monadelphous stamens; sandhills; Okaloosa and Walton cos.; Apr. |
| 100. Tetrazygia bicolor (P. Mill.) Cogn.
| Atlas; Bell and Taylor, p. 179; Nelson, plate #89 FL, Cuba |
Correll and Correll, 1055-
1056 Long and Lakela, 650-651 Small, 927 Wunderlin, 457 |
tetrazygia
Florida clover-ash |
Melastomataceae;
melastoma family |
shrub or small tree; lvs with 3 conspicuous veins and lateral connecting veins, scurfy beneath; infl terminal; flrs white, 6-8 mm long; anthers curve; berry purplish to blackish; rockland hammocks, pinelands, disturbed areas; Dade and (Monroe) cos.; May-Aug. |
| 101. Thelypteris augescens (Link) Munz and I.M.
Johnston
FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central America |
Correll and Correll, 48-49
FNA, 214 Lakela and Long, 140, 142 Long and Lakela, 101 Small, ferns: 238-241 Wunderlin, 49-50 |
abrupt-tipped maiden
fern |
Pteridophyta-- Thelypteridaceae/Polypodiaceae/
Aspidaceae; marsh fern family/ polypody family |
fern; similar to T. kunthii (southern shield fern), but firmer texture, scales on the rootstock with hairs, persistent scales on lower surface of rachis, narrower lflets, blade narrowing abruptly into pinnatifid apex; hammocks, sides of lime sinks, abandoned phosphate mines; (Collier), Dade, (Levy) and Monroe [Keys only] cos. |
| 102. Tillandsia balbisiana J.A. and J.H. Schultes
| Atlas FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 278-279
Long and Lakela, 267 Small, 271 Wunderlin, 193-194 |
inflated wildpine
reflexed wildpine an air plant northern needleleaf |
Bromeliaceae;
pineapple family |
epiphyte; to 65 cm tall; lvs basal rosette, slightly bulbous, gray (due to appressed scales), 1 cm wide at base, tapering, tips recurved and twisted; infl to 20 cm long, bracts often bright red, petals violet; hammocks, cypress swamps, pineland, scrub; Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, DeSoto, Glades, Hendry, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Martin, Monroe [including Keys], Okeechobee, Osceola, Palm Beach, Polk and St. Lucie cos.; fall. |
| 103. Tillandsia flexuosa Sw.
[In the 1998 Rule, this species was ranked Endangered.]
| Atlas FL, West Indies, Panama, South America |
Correll and Correll, 281, 283
Long and Lakela, 265, 266 Small, 271, as T. aloifolia Ward, 116-117 Wunderlin, 193-195 |
twisted air plant
banded air plant flexuous wild-pine |
Bromeliaceae;
pineapple family |
epiphyte; to 70 cm tall; rosette of lvs; lvs pale gray, with broad white bands, narrowly triangular with twisted tips; floral axis flexuous (=zig-zag), angled, floral bracts spreading; flrs to 4 cm long, rose or purple petals; shell ridges or mounds, hammock, swamps, mangrove, pinelands, scrub; Broward, Charlotte, Collier, Dade, Hendry, Highlands, Lee, Martin, Monroe [including Keys] and Palm Beach cos.; spring-summer. |
| 104. Tillandsia valenzuelana A. Rich.
Kartesz and Atlas: T. variabilis Schlecht.
FL, West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America |
Correll and Correll, 285
Long and Lakela, 265 Small, 271 Wunderlin, 194-195, as Kartesz |
soft-leaved wildpine
leatherleaf airplant |
Bromeliaceae;
pineapple family |
epiphyte; to 50 cm tall; lvs basal urn-shaped rosette, soft, gray-silvery (dense, fine scales), outer lvs to 3 cm wide at base, channelled, attenuate tips; infl with reddish bracts, petals violet; hammocks, swamps; Broward, Collier, Dade, Hendry, Martin, Monroe [including Keys] and Okeechobee cos.; fall. |
| 105. Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt.
| Atlas MA south to FL and TX |
Clewell, 188
Luer, 248-249 Radford et al, 352, 353 Small, 387 Wunderlin, 245 |
crane-fly orchid
elfin spur crippled cranefly orchid |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 60 cm tall; lv solitary, flush with leaf litter, not present at flowering, purple-red on lower surface, dark green above; terminal raceme, flrs widely spaced; flrs pale, mottled green, pink, maroon and gray, like "crippled craneflies" with asymmetric long petals, sepals and spur; rich woods, bluffs, floodplains; Alachua, Columbia, Escambia, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Marion, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Suwannee and Walton cos.; Aug. |
| 106. Tragia saxicola Small
| Atlas endemic |
Long and Lakela, 556
Small, 788 Wunderlin, 408 |
rocklands noseburn
pineland noseburn |
Euphorbiaceae;
spurge family |
perennial with stinging hairs; stems slender and wiry, to 20 cm tall; lvs ovate to rounded, not lobed, 1-3 cm long, toothed, bases squared or heart-shaped; flrs not in involucres (as poinsettia has), sepals present; pine rocklands; Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; Jun-Nov. |
| 107. Triphora trianthophora (Swartz) Rydb. ex
Britton Atlas: T. trianthophoros
(Sw.) Rydb.
| Atlas ME, WI, south to FL, TX |
Luer, 48-49
Radford et al., 341 Small, 388 Wunderlin, 246 |
three-birds orchid
nodding etter-cap nodding pogonia |
Orchidaceae;
orchid family |
terrestrial; to 25 cm tall; lvs 2-8, alternate, sheathing, to 1.5 cm long; flrs axillary in upper lvs, 1 to 6; flrs last only 1 day, nodding, pink and white; hammocks, rich woods; Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Hernando, Highlands, Lake, Levy, Marion, Orange and Suwannee cos.; Jul-Nov. |
| 108. Tripsacum floridanum Porter ex Vasey
endemic |
Hall, 400
Hitchcock and Chase, 792 Long and Lakela, 202 Small, 37 Wunderlin, 138 |
Florida gamagrass
Florida tripsacum |
Gramineae/
Poaceae; grass family |
perennial, clumped grass; similar to T. dactyloides except smaller: less than 1 m tall; lf without auricles at the base, blade less than 8 mm wide; spikelets terminal, spikelets single at each joint, sunken into the rachis, bony; pine rockland; Collier, Dade and Monroe [Keys only] cos.; Jan-Jul. |
| 109. Verbesina chapmanii J.R.Coleman
| Atlas endemic |
Clewell, 329
Cronquist, 48 Small, 1444, as Phaethusa pauciflorum Ward, 120-121 Wunderlin, 652 |
Chapman crownbeard
Chapman's crownbeard |
Compositae/
Asteraceae; daisy family tribe: Heliantheae |
perennial; lvs opposite, not decurrent; flrs in solitary head, disc flrs only, yellowish-orange; wet flatwoods, seepage slope, with wiregrass; Bay, Franklin, Gulf, Liberty, (Wakulla), Walton and Washington cos.; May-Aug. |
| 110. Xyris scabrifolia Harper
GA, FL |
Clewell, 199
Godfrey and Wooten I, 493, 494 Small, 254 Wunderlin, 187-190 |
Harper's yellow-eyed-
grass |
Xyridaceae;
yellow-eyed- grass family |
herb; lvs 2-70 cm long, narrow; flr stalk taller than lvs; lateral sepals inside bracts; 3 yellow petals; seepage slope, wet prairie, bog; Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla and Walton cos.; Aug-Sep. |
| 111.. Zephyranthes atamasco (L.) Herbert
Kartesz has variant spelling: Z. atamasca
| Bell and Taylor, p. 18; Taylor, p. 38; DPI poster, plate #6 VA to FL to MS |
Clewell, 68
Godfrey and Wooten I, 598, 600 Radford et al., 320, 321 Small, 320, as Atamasco atamasco Wunderlin, 219-210 |
rainlily
atamasco lily Easter-lily |
Amaryllidaceae;
amaryllis family Or, Liliaceae; lily family |
perennial herbs, tunicated bulbs, to 30 cm tall; lf sheaths overlapping, lvs linear, to 45 cm long and 4 mm wide, concave, but not grooved; flrs solitary, terminal, 6 tepals, tepals to 8 cm long, white fading pinkish, spread open, stigmas above anthers; low ground, rich, moist woods, wet pastures and meadows, limestone out-crops in woods; [Reported from: Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Flagler, Gilchrist, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Sumter, Taylor, Unionand Volusia cos.] Atlas: Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Hamilton, Hernando, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Nassau, Putnam, St. Johns, Suwannee, Wakulla and Walton cos.; spring. |
| 112. Zephyranthes simpsonii Chapman
| Atlas endemic, except for Horry Co., SC |
Godfrey and Wooten I, 600
Radford et al., 320 Small, 320-321, as Atamasco simpsonii Wunderlin, 219-220 |
Simpson's zephyr-lily
rainlily redmargin zephyrlily |
Amaryllidaceae;
amaryllis family Or, Liliaceae; lily family |
as Z. atamasco, except tepals not fully open and stigma at or below anthers; wet pinelands and pastures, adjacent roadsides; Brevard, Collier, DeSoto, (Flagler), Hardee, Hernando, (Highlands), Hillsborough, Lee, Levy, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pinellas, Polk, (Sarasota), (Seminole) and Volusia cos.; spring. |
| 113. Zephyranthes treatiae S. Watson
Kartesz and Atlas: Z. atamasca var. treatiae (S. Watson)
Meerow
| Atlas GA, FL |
Clewell, 68
Godfrey and Wooten I, 600 Small, 321, as Atamasco treatiae Wunderlin, 219-220 |
Treat's zephyr-lily
Easter-lily Treat's rainlily |
Amaryllidaceae;
amaryllis family Or, Liliaceae; lily family |
as Z. atamasco, except lvs nearly cylindrical, to 2 mm wide, not grooved; wet pine flatwoods, fire maintained., adjacent roadsides; Alachua, (Baker), Bradford, Clay, (Columbia), Dixie, Duval, (Gadsden), Gilchrist, (Hamilton), Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jefferson, Lake, (Madison), Marion, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Sarasota, St. Johns, Sumter, Taylor, Volusia and Wakulla cos.; spring. |
- Florida Department of Agriclture and Consumer Services, Bureau of Entomology, Nematology, and Plant Pathology - Botany Section, Contribution No. 38, 4th edition (digital version), 2003.
- Botanist Emeritus, FDACS, Division of Plant Industry.
- Botanist, FDACS, Division of Plant Industry, P. O. Box 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614-7100.